DNA and RNA

• Proteins are made of long chains of amino acids. There are 20 different types of amino acid from which to make proteins
• Transcription: the process of making a copy of mRNA from DNA, means transcribing or copy, transcription takes place in the nucleus, where DNA is located
• Translation: The process of turning mRNA into protein is called translation, translation takes place in the cytoplasm where the ribosomes are located
• Genes: made up of DNA, organised into larger structures called chromosomes 
• Chromosomes: tiny thread- like structures
• DNA Replication: New double strands form by complementary base pairing, the DNA ‘unzips’ to form single strands, occurs before cell division and ensures that all daughter cells have identical genes, DNA helix uncoils and acts as a template for the new complementary strand. 
• DNA is semi- conservative: occurs before mitosis/ meiosis during interphase 
• DNA Replication: DNA unwinds with help from Helicase, free nucleotides form complimentary bonds with DNA strand- both sides, New DNA strand forms with help of DNA Polymerase